Microphysical properties of synoptic-scale polar stratospheric clouds: in situ measurements of unexpectedly large HNO3-containing particles in the Arctic vortex

摘要

In January 2010 and December 2011, synopticscale\udpolar stratospheric cloud (PSC) fields were probed during\udseven flights of the high-altitude research aircraft M-\ud55 Geophysica within the RECONCILE (Reconciliation of\udessential process parameters for an enhanced predictability\udof Arctic stratospheric ozone loss and its climate interaction)\udand the ESSenCe (ESSenCe: ESA Sounder Campaign)\udprojects. Particle size distributions in a diameter range between\ud0.46 and 40 μm were recorded by four different optical\udin situ instruments. Three of these particle instruments\udare based on the detection of forward-scattered light by single\udparticles. The fourth instrument is a grayscale optical array\udimaging probe. Optical particle diameters of up to 35 μm\udwere detected with particle number densities and total particle\udvolumes exceeding previous Arctic measurements. Also,\udgas-phase and particle-bound NOy was measured, as well\udas water vapor concentrations.